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3 Channel Path Tracing Module
3-Channel Path Tracing Module
Infrared Line Tracking Sensor for Robotics and Automation Projects
Introduction
The 3-channel path tracing module is an infrared sensor array designed for line-following robots and surface tracking applications. It features three IR sensors that detect contrasting surfaces (typically black lines on white surfaces) and provides digital outputs for each channel.
Key Features
3 Independent Channels
Simultaneous detection at multiple points
Adjustable Sensitivity
Potentiometer for each sensor
Digital Output
TTL-compatible signals
Easy Installation
Mounting holes for robot chassis
Technical Specifications
| Detection Method | Infrared reflection |
|---|---|
| Channels | 3 independent sensors |
| Detection Distance | 0-3cm (adjustable) |
| Output Type | Digital (HIGH/LOW) |
| Operating Voltage | 3.3V-5V DC |
| Current Consumption | 15-30mA per sensor |
| Response Time | <2ms |
| Dimensions | 50×40×15mm |
Pin Configuration
| Pin | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| VCC | Power | 3.3V-5V input |
| GND | Ground | Common ground |
| OUT1 | Output 1 | Left sensor output |
| OUT2 | Output 2 | Center sensor output |
| OUT3 | Output 3 | Right sensor output |
| LED | Indicator | Power LED (optional) |
Wiring with Arduino
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// Basic Connection: // VCC → Arduino 5V // GND → Arduino GND // OUT1 → Digital Pin 2 (Left) // OUT2 → Digital Pin 3 (Center) // OUT3 → Digital Pin 4 (Right) |
Basic Line Detection Code
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const int leftPin = 2; const int centerPin = 3; const int rightPin = 4; void setup() { pinMode(leftPin, INPUT); pinMode(centerPin, INPUT); pinMode(rightPin, INPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { int left = digitalRead(leftPin); int center = digitalRead(centerPin); int right = digitalRead(rightPin); Serial.print("Left: "); Serial.print(left); Serial.print(" | Center: "); Serial.print(center); Serial.print(" | Right: "); Serial.println(right); delay(100); } |
Line Following Robot Logic
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// Motor control pins const int leftMotor = 5; const int rightMotor = 6; void setup() { // ... (previous sensor setup) pinMode(leftMotor, OUTPUT); pinMode(rightMotor, OUTPUT); } void loop() { int left = digitalRead(leftPin); int center = digitalRead(centerPin); int right = digitalRead(rightPin); if (center == LOW) { // On line - move forward analogWrite(leftMotor, 150); analogWrite(rightMotor, 150); } else if (left == LOW) { // Line to left - turn left analogWrite(leftMotor, 100); analogWrite(rightMotor, 200); } else if (right == LOW) { // Line to right - turn right analogWrite(leftMotor, 200); analogWrite(rightMotor, 100); } else { // No line detected - stop or search analogWrite(leftMotor, 0); analogWrite(rightMotor, 0); } } |
Calibration & Adjustment
Height Adjustment
Mount the sensor 5-15mm above the surface for optimal detection. Use spacers to adjust height.
Sensitivity Tuning
Rotate the blue potentiometers clockwise to increase sensitivity (detect lighter surfaces) or counter-clockwise to decrease.
Surface Testing
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void setup() { // ... (previous setup) Serial.println("Place sensor over line to test"); } |
Use the serial monitor to verify detection before running the robot.
Troubleshooting
No Detection
- Verify power connections (VCC/GND)
- Check sensor height (5-15mm optimal)
- Adjust potentiometer sensitivity
False Triggers
- Clean sensor lenses from dust/dirt
- Reduce ambient light interference
- Use matte surfaces instead of glossy
Inconsistent Readings
- Ensure stable power supply
- Check for loose connections
- Recalibrate sensor thresholds
