Introduction

The nRF24L01+ is a popular and affordable 2.4GHz wireless transceiver module, widely used in Arduino and embedded electronics projects. Whether you're building a wireless sensor network, remote control system, or a smart home solution, the nRF24L01 provides a stable and efficient method of communication between microcontrollers.

This module supports multiple data rates, low power operation, and a powerful communication range of up to 1 kilometer when paired with a PA+LNA version and a proper antenna. It communicates via the SPI interface, making it easy to integrate with Arduino boards, ESP32, Raspberry Pi, and other platforms.

Key Features

Technical Specifications

Pin Configuration

Wiring Diagram (Arduino Nano)

// nRF24L01 Connections:
// GND  → GND
// VCC  → 3.3V (via regulator)
// CE   → D9
// CSN  → D10
// SCK  → D13
// MOSI → D11
// MISO → D12

Basic Transmitter Code

#include <SPI.h>
#include <nRF24L01.h>
#include <RF24.h>

RF24 radio(9, 10); // CE, CSN

const byte address[6] = "00001";

void setup() {
  radio.begin();
  radio.openWritingPipe(address);
  radio.setPALevel(RF24_PA_MIN);
  radio.stopListening();
}

void loop() {
  const char text[] = "Hello World";
  radio.write(&text, sizeof(text));
  delay(1000);
}

Basic Receiver Code

#include <SPI.h>
#include <nRF24L01.h>
#include <RF24.h>

RF24 radio(9, 10); // CE, CSN

const byte address[6] = "00001";

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  radio.begin();
  radio.openReadingPipe(0, address);
  radio.setPALevel(RF24_PA_MIN);
  radio.startListening();
}

void loop() {
  if (radio.available()) {
    char text[32] = "";
    radio.read(&text, sizeof(text));
    Serial.println(text);
  }
}

Troubleshooting